First you need to get an array containing the keys. array_keys
Then, you need to filter the keys to find the ones you want. array_filter
Use this callback:
function($a) {return substr($a,0,8) == "special_";}
Then flip the array so that the keys are keys again instead of values. array_flip
Finally, intersect those keys with the original array. array_intersect_key
Result:
$special_items = array_intersect_key($items,array_flip(array_filter(array_keys($items),function($a) {return substr($a,0,8) == "special_";})));