Coming from C#, I just don\'t get this \'throws exception\' that is written after a class/method definition:
public void Test() throws Exception
Basically yes, and if you don't your program won't compile. This is called a checked exception (Any exception is a checked exception unless it is or extends RuntimeException or Error).
If there is anything in the method which throws an Exception it won't compile unless you either catch the exception or declare it on the method, and then anything calling that method will have to handle the Exception in the same manner.