Python: 'ModuleNotFoundError' when trying to import module from imported package

Question

I\'m using Python 3.7.1 on macOS Mojave Version 10.14.1

This is my directory structure:

man/                          
  Mans/                  
             


        

Answer 1

FIRST, if you want to be able to access man1.py from man1test.py AND manModules.py from man1.py, you need to properly setup your files as packages and modules.

Packages are a way of structuring Python’s module namespace by using “dotted module names”. For example, the module name A.B designates a submodule named B in a package named A.

...

When importing the package, Python searches through the directories on sys.path looking for the package subdirectory.

The __init__.py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a common name, such as string, from unintentionally hiding valid modules that occur later on the module search path.

You need to set it up to something like this:

man
|- __init__.py
|- Mans
   |- __init__.py
   |- man1.py
|- MansTest
   |- __init.__.py
   |- SoftLib
      |- Soft
         |- __init__.py
         |- SoftWork
            |- __init__.py
            |- manModules.py
      |- Unittests
         |- __init__.py
         |- man1test.py

SECOND, for the "ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Soft'" error caused by from ...Mans import man1 in man1test.py, the documented solution to that is to add man1.py to sys.path since Mans is outside the MansTest package. See The Module Search Path from the Python documentation. But if you don't want to modify sys.path directly, you can also modify PYTHONPATH:

sys.path is initialized from these locations:

• The directory containing the input script (or the current directory when no file is specified).
• PYTHONPATH (a list of directory names, with the same syntax as the shell variable PATH).
• The installation-dependent default.

THIRD, for from ...MansTest.SoftLib import Soft which you said "was to facilitate the aforementioned import statement in man1.py", that's now how imports work. If you want to import Soft.SoftLib in man1.py, you have to setup man1.py to find Soft.SoftLib and import it there directly.

With that said, here's how I got it to work.

man1.py:

from Soft.SoftWork.manModules import *
# no change to import statement but need to add Soft to PYTHONPATH

def foo():
    print("called foo in man1.py")
    print("foo call module1 from manModules: " + module1())

man1test.py

# no need for "from ...MansTest.SoftLib import Soft" to facilitate importing..
from ...Mans import man1

man1.foo()

manModules.py

def module1():
    return "module1 in manModules"

Terminal output:

$ python3 -m man.MansTest.Unittests.man1test
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
    from ...Mans import man1
  File "/temp/man/Mans/man1.py", line 2, in 
    from Soft.SoftWork.manModules import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Soft'

$ PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/temp/man/MansTest/SoftLib
$ export PYTHONPATH
$ echo $PYTHONPATH
:/temp/man/MansTest/SoftLib
$ python3 -m man.MansTest.Unittests.man1test
called foo in man1.py
foo called module1 from manModules: module1 in manModules 

---

As a suggestion, maybe re-think the purpose of those SoftLib files. Is it some sort of "bridge" between man1.py and man1test.py? The way your files are setup right now, I don't think it's going to work as you expect it to be. Also, it's a bit confusing for the code-under-test (man1.py) to be importing stuff from under the test folder (MansTest).