In final variable passed to anonymous class via constructor, Jon Skeet mentioned that variables are passed to the anonymous class instance via an auto-generated constructor.
In this case, it's because 100 is a constant. That gets baked into your class.
If you change x to be:
final int x = args.length;
... then you'll see Test$1(int) in the output. (This is despite it not being explicitly declared. And yes, capturing more variables adds parameters to the constructor.)