A couple of additional possible choices:
Conditional Random Fields (CRF):
http://www.chokkan.org/software/crfsuite/
Hidden Markov Models (HMM):
http://www.cs.au.dk/~asand/?page_id=152
For a general ML library, consider Torch (version 7, as of the time of writing):
https://github.com/andresy/torch
The Orange system is implemented in C++ and can be used as a library, but focuses on exposing its functionality both as Python wrappers for flexible scripting as well as visual programming:
http://orange.biolab.si/