I want to have one user page and multiple project pages hosted by GitHub Pages but available under ONE custom domain (with subdomains for each GitHub Pages
You can only have one CNAME resource record for a page (both user pages and project pages) defined in the CNAME file in the root of a Git repository.
You can circumvent this by creating a CNAME record for your host(pear) in your DNS settings pointing to florianwolters.github.com, and making a entry in your CNAME file in repository for pear.florianwolters.de