The Story:
In Java selenium language bindings there is a FluentWait class, that allows to tightly control how the expected condition would be checke
With the help of @Kirill S., after the further research and inspecting the WebdriverJS source code, I can conclude that there is no such thing as "poll frequency" in javascript selenium bindings. The interval between subsequent condition check calls cannot be configured - it performs the check as quick as possible.
This is not the same as in, for instance Python or Java selenium bindings, where there is a configurable timeout between the expected condition state checks. By default, it would wait for 500ms before the next check:
WebDriverWait by default calls the ExpectedCondition every 500 milliseconds until it returns successfully. A successful return is for ExpectedCondition type is Boolean return true or not null return value for all other ExpectedCondition types.