Correct placement of colorbar relative to geo axes (cartopy)

Question

Using Cartopy, I would like to have full control of where my colorbar goes. Usually I do this by getting the current axes position as basis and then create new axes for the

Answer 1

Great question! Thanks for the code, and pictures, it makes the problem a lot easier to understand as well as making it easier to quickly iterate on possible solutions.

The problem here is essentially a matplotlib one. Cartopy calls ax.set_aspect('equal') as this is part of the the Cartesian units of a projection's definition.

Matplotlib's equal aspect ratio functionality resizes the axes to match the x and y limits, rather than changing the limits to fit to the axes rectangle. It is for this reason that the axes does not fill the space allocated to it on the figure. If you interactively resize the figure you will see that the amount of space that the axes occupies varies depending on the aspect that you resize your figure to.

The simplest way of identifying the location of an axes is with the ax.get_position() method you have already been using. However, as we now know, this "position" changes with the size of the figure. One solution therefore is to re-calculate the position of the colorbar each time the figure is resized.

The matplotlib event machinery has a "resize_event" which is triggered each time a figure is resized. If we use this machinery for your colorbar, our event might look something like:

def resize_colobar(event):
    # Tell matplotlib to re-draw everything, so that we can get
    # the correct location from get_position.
    plt.draw()

    posn = ax.get_position()
    colorbar_ax.set_position([posn.x0 + posn.width + 0.01, posn.y0,
                             0.04, axpos.height])

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('resize_event', resize_colobar)

So if we relate this back to cartopy, and your original question, it is now possible to resize the colorbar based on the position of the geo-axes. The full code to do this might look like:

import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
from netCDF4 import Dataset as netcdf_dataset
from cartopy import config


fname = os.path.join(config["repo_data_dir"],
                 'netcdf', 'HadISST1_SST_update.nc'
                 )
dataset = netcdf_dataset(fname)
sst = dataset.variables['sst'][0, :, :]
lats = dataset.variables['lat'][:]
lons = dataset.variables['lon'][:]

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(10,5),
                       subplot_kw={'projection': ccrs.PlateCarree()})

# Add the colorbar axes anywhere in the figure. Its position will be
# re-calculated at each figure resize. 
cbar_ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 0.1, 0.1])

fig.subplots_adjust(hspace=0, wspace=0, top=0.925, left=0.1)

sst_contour = ax.contourf(lons, lats, sst, 60, transform=ccrs.PlateCarree())


def resize_colobar(event):
    plt.draw()

    posn = ax.get_position()
    cbar_ax.set_position([posn.x0 + posn.width + 0.01, posn.y0,
                          0.04, posn.height])

fig.canvas.mpl_connect('resize_event', resize_colobar)

ax.coastlines()

plt.colorbar(sst_contour, cax=cbar_ax)


ax.gridlines()
ax.set_extent([-20, 60, 33, 63])

plt.show()