If I want to check for the existence of a single file, I can test for it using test -e filename or [ -e filename ].
test -e filename
[ -e filename ]
Supposing I have a glob
If you have globfail set you can use this crazy (which you really should not)
shopt -s failglob # exit if * does not match ( : * ) && echo 0 || echo 1
or
q=( * ) && echo 0 || echo 1