How does “cat << EOF” work in bash?

Question

I needed to write a script to enter multi-line input to a program (psql).

After a bit of googling, I found the following syntax works:

c         


        

Answer 1

Worth noting that here docs work in bash loops too. This example shows how-to get the column list of table:

export postgres_db_name='my_db'
export table_name='my_table_name'

# start copy 
while read -r c; do test -z "$c" || echo $table_name.$c , ; done < <(cat << EOF | psql -t -q -d $postgres_db_name -v table_name="${table_name:-}"
SELECT column_name
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE 1=1
AND table_schema = 'public'
AND table_name   =:'table_name'  ;
EOF
)
# stop copy , now paste straight into the bash shell ...

output: 
my_table_name.guid ,
my_table_name.id ,
my_table_name.level ,
my_table_name.seq ,

or even without the new line

while read -r c; do test -z "$c" || echo $table_name.$c , | perl -ne 
's/\n//gm;print' ; done < <(cat << EOF | psql -t -q -d $postgres_db_name -v table_name="${table_name:-}"
 SELECT column_name
 FROM information_schema.columns
 WHERE 1=1
 AND table_schema = 'public'
 AND table_name   =:'table_name'  ;
 EOF
 )

 # output: daily_issues.guid ,daily_issues.id ,daily_issues.level ,daily_issues.seq ,daily_issues.prio ,daily_issues.weight ,daily_issues.status ,daily_issues.category ,daily_issues.name ,daily_issues.description ,daily_issues.type ,daily_issues.owner