Java had an interesting approach: where giving a programmer a choice can only degrade the programming experience, remove the choice.
They did this in quite a few places. Filenames and packages for sure, but also not allowing multiple public classes in a file (never good), not allowing you to split classes between files (Damn hard to work with!), etc.
I really wish they had gone a few further. There is no reason for public variables: I've never needed one, nor have I ever seen a situation where some smart programmer thought one was needed and was actually right.
I also wouldn't mind seeing method/class size limitations, but this could get sketchy (it could easily be implemented by code checkers, the problem is typically that the companies that need the most help are the ones that don't know they need help and, therefore, don't use tools like code checkers).
This isn't stuff that matters to most small teams, but when your team grows and has multiple sites with consultants from India, China, and various other spots throughout the world, You'll start to appreciate the inflexibility.
In response to setters/getters comment:
Java beans were an abomination created by Borland to hack their GUI up, then retrofitted into Java.
Horrid idea--a distraction from OO programming--Getters and setters A) show too much of your implementation and B) make you think in terms of operating on data from another object rather than asking the other object to execute an operation for you. Bad hack for people who can't yet think in OO.
Getters are needed occasionally but shouldn't be added unless seen to be absolutely unavoidable.
Setters should be avoided at all costs. If you absolutely need to externally modify the state after an object is constructed, try to use the builder pattern and protect your setters from being called after any operation has been executed.
There are obviously exceptions to everything, and many "Getters" are actually critical object business logic, like String.length() which would be required no matter how String was implemented and isn't even implemented by just returning a property--a great case for a "Getter" if you even want to call it that.
