Understanding how recursive functions work

Question

As the title explains I have a very fundamental programming question which I have just not been able to grok yet. Filtering out all of the (extremely clever) \"In order to

Answer 1

I'll give it a go.

Executing the equation a + sumInts(a+1, b), I will show how the final answer is 14.

//the sumInts function definition
func sumInts(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int {
    if (a > b) {
        return 0
    } else {
        return a + sumInts(a + 1, b)
    }
}

Given: a = 2 and b = 5

1) 2 + sumInts(2+1, 5)

2) sumInts(3, 5) = 12
   i) 3 + sumInts(3+1, 5)
   ii) 4 + sumInts(4+1, 5)
   iii) 5 + sumInts(5+1, 5)
   iv) return 0
   v) return 5 + 0
   vi) return 4 + 5
   vii) return 3 + 9

3) 2 + 12 = 14.

Let us know if you have any further questions.

Here's another example of recursive functions in the following example.

A man has just graduated college.

t is the amount of time in years.

The total actual number of years worked before retiring, can be calculated as follows:

public class DoIReallyWantToKnow 
{
    public int howLongDoIHaveToWork(int currentAge)
    {
      const int DESIRED_RETIREMENT_AGE = 65;
      double collectedMoney = 0.00; //remember, you just graduated college
      double neededMoneyToRetire = 1000000.00

      t = 0;
      return work(t+1);
    }

    public int work(int time)
    {
      collectedMoney = getCollectedMoney();

      if(currentAge >= DESIRED_RETIREMENT_AGE 
          && collectedMoney == neededMoneyToRetire
      {
        return time;
      }

      return work(time + 1);
    }
}

And that should be just enough to depress anyone, lol. ;-P