//works for ASCII -- no clear advantage over what is already posted...
std::string toupper(const std::string & s)
{
std::string ret(s.size(), char());
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i)
ret[i] = (s[i] <= 'z' && s[i] >= 'a') ? s[i]-('a'-'A') : s[i];
return ret;
}