Just to add a little bit to @Edchum's answer, even if the data has no NA values, the result of count() is more verbose, using the example before:
grouped = df.groupby('a')
grouped.count()
Out[197]:
b c
a
0 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 3
grouped.size()
Out[198]:
a
0 2
1 1
2 3
dtype: int64