I have my persistence.xml with the same name using TopLink under the META-INF directory. Then, I have my code calling it with:
persistence.xml
TopLink
META-INF
Maybe you defined one provider like org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence but referencing another one in jar. That happened with me: my persistence.xml provider was openjpa but I was using eclipselink in my classpath. Hope this help!
org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence