I want to return an age in years as an int in a Java method. What I have now is the following where getBirthDate() returns a Date object (with the birth date ;-)):
Check out Joda, which simplifies date/time calculations (Joda is also the basis of the new standard Java date/time apis, so you'll be learning a soon-to-be-standard API).
EDIT: Java 8 has something very similar and is worth checking out.
e.g.
LocalDate birthdate = new LocalDate (1970, 1, 20);
LocalDate now = new LocalDate();
Years age = Years.yearsBetween(birthdate, now);
which is as simple as you could want. The pre-Java 8 stuff is (as you've identified) somewhat unintuitive.