The Problem
The org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils.unescapeJava() given here as another answer is really very little help at all.
- It forgets about
\0 for null.
- It doesn’t handle octal at all.
- It can’t handle the sorts of escapes admitted by the
java.util.regex.Pattern.compile() and everything that uses it, including \a, \e, and especially \cX.
- It has no support for logical Unicode code points by number, only for UTF-16.
- This looks like UCS-2 code, not UTF-16 code: they use the depreciated
charAt interface instead of the codePoint interface, thus promulgating the delusion that a Java char is guaranteed to hold a Unicode character. It’s not. They only get away with this because no UTF-16 surrogate will wind up looking for anything they’re looking for.
The Solution
I wrote a string unescaper which solves the OP’s question without all the irritations of the Apache code.
/*
*
* unescape_perl_string()
*
* Tom Christiansen
* Sun Nov 28 12:55:24 MST 2010
*
* It's completely ridiculous that there's no standard
* unescape_java_string function. Since I have to do the
* damn thing myself, I might as well make it halfway useful
* by supporting things Java was too stupid to consider in
* strings:
*
* => "?" items are additions to Java string escapes
* but normal in Java regexes
*
* => "!" items are also additions to Java regex escapes
*
* Standard singletons: ?\a ?\e \f \n \r \t
*
* NB: \b is unsupported as backspace so it can pass-through
* to the regex translator untouched; I refuse to make anyone
* doublebackslash it as doublebackslashing is a Java idiocy
* I desperately wish would die out. There are plenty of
* other ways to write it:
*
* \cH, \12, \012, \x08 \x{8}, \u0008, \U00000008
*
* Octal escapes: \0 \0N \0NN \N \NN \NNN
* Can range up to !\777 not \377
*
* TODO: add !\o{NNNNN}
* last Unicode is 4177777
* maxint is 37777777777
*
* Control chars: ?\cX
* Means: ord(X) ^ ord('@')
*
* Old hex escapes: \xXX
* unbraced must be 2 xdigits
*
* Perl hex escapes: !\x{XXX} braced may be 1-8 xdigits
* NB: proper Unicode never needs more than 6, as highest
* valid codepoint is 0x10FFFF, not maxint 0xFFFFFFFF
*
* Lame Java escape: \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]uXXXX must be
* exactly 4 xdigits;
*
* I can't write XXXX in this comment where it belongs
* because the damned Java Preprocessor can't mind its
* own business. Idiots!
*
* Lame Python escape: !\UXXXXXXXX must be exactly 8 xdigits
*
* TODO: Perl translation escapes: \Q \U \L \E \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]u \l
* These are not so important to cover if you're passing the
* result to Pattern.compile(), since it handles them for you
* further downstream. Hm, what about \[IDIOT JAVA PREPROCESSOR]u?
*
*/
public final static
String unescape_perl_string(String oldstr) {
/*
* In contrast to fixing Java's broken regex charclasses,
* this one need be no bigger, as unescaping shrinks the string
* here, where in the other one, it grows it.
*/
StringBuffer newstr = new StringBuffer(oldstr.length());
boolean saw_backslash = false;
for (int i = 0; i < oldstr.length(); i++) {
int cp = oldstr.codePointAt(i);
if (oldstr.codePointAt(i) > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
i++; /****WE HATES UTF-16! WE HATES IT FOREVERSES!!!****/
}
if (!saw_backslash) {
if (cp == '\\') {
saw_backslash = true;
} else {
newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp));
}
continue; /* switch */
}
if (cp == '\\') {
saw_backslash = false;
newstr.append('\\');
newstr.append('\\');
continue; /* switch */
}
switch (cp) {
case 'r': newstr.append('\r');
break; /* switch */
case 'n': newstr.append('\n');
break; /* switch */
case 'f': newstr.append('\f');
break; /* switch */
/* PASS a \b THROUGH!! */
case 'b': newstr.append("\\b");
break; /* switch */
case 't': newstr.append('\t');
break; /* switch */
case 'a': newstr.append('\007');
break; /* switch */
case 'e': newstr.append('\033');
break; /* switch */
/*
* A "control" character is what you get when you xor its
* codepoint with '@'==64. This only makes sense for ASCII,
* and may not yield a "control" character after all.
*
* Strange but true: "\c{" is ";", "\c}" is "=", etc.
*/
case 'c': {
if (++i == oldstr.length()) { die("trailing \\c"); }
cp = oldstr.codePointAt(i);
/*
* don't need to grok surrogates, as next line blows them up
*/
if (cp > 0x7f) { die("expected ASCII after \\c"); }
newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp ^ 64));
break; /* switch */
}
case '8':
case '9': die("illegal octal digit");
/* NOTREACHED */
/*
* may be 0 to 2 octal digits following this one
* so back up one for fallthrough to next case;
* unread this digit and fall through to next case.
*/
case '1':
case '2':
case '3':
case '4':
case '5':
case '6':
case '7': --i;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
/*
* Can have 0, 1, or 2 octal digits following a 0
* this permits larger values than octal 377, up to
* octal 777.
*/
case '0': {
if (i+1 == oldstr.length()) {
/* found \0 at end of string */
newstr.append(Character.toChars(0));
break; /* switch */
}
i++;
int digits = 0;
int j;
for (j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
if (i+j == oldstr.length()) {
break; /* for */
}
/* safe because will unread surrogate */
int ch = oldstr.charAt(i+j);
if (ch < '0' || ch > '7') {
break; /* for */
}
digits++;
}
if (digits == 0) {
--i;
newstr.append('\0');
break; /* switch */
}
int value = 0;
try {
value = Integer.parseInt(
oldstr.substring(i, i+digits), 8);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
die("invalid octal value for \\0 escape");
}
newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
i += digits-1;
break; /* switch */
} /* end case '0' */
case 'x': {
if (i+2 > oldstr.length()) {
die("string too short for \\x escape");
}
i++;
boolean saw_brace = false;
if (oldstr.charAt(i) == '{') {
/* ^^^^^^ ok to ignore surrogates here */
i++;
saw_brace = true;
}
int j;
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
if (!saw_brace && j == 2) {
break; /* for */
}
/*
* ASCII test also catches surrogates
*/
int ch = oldstr.charAt(i+j);
if (ch > 127) {
die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\x escape");
}
if (saw_brace && ch == '}') { break; /* for */ }
if (! ( (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
||
(ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f')
||
(ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F')
)
)
{
die(String.format(
"illegal hex digit #%d '%c' in \\x", ch, ch));
}
}
if (j == 0) { die("empty braces in \\x{} escape"); }
int value = 0;
try {
value = Integer.parseInt(oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
die("invalid hex value for \\x escape");
}
newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
if (saw_brace) { j++; }
i += j-1;
break; /* switch */
}
case 'u': {
if (i+4 > oldstr.length()) {
die("string too short for \\u escape");
}
i++;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
/* this also handles the surrogate issue */
if (oldstr.charAt(i+j) > 127) {
die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\u escape");
}
}
int value = 0;
try {
value = Integer.parseInt( oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
die("invalid hex value for \\u escape");
}
newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
i += j-1;
break; /* switch */
}
case 'U': {
if (i+8 > oldstr.length()) {
die("string too short for \\U escape");
}
i++;
int j;
for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
/* this also handles the surrogate issue */
if (oldstr.charAt(i+j) > 127) {
die("illegal non-ASCII hex digit in \\U escape");
}
}
int value = 0;
try {
value = Integer.parseInt(oldstr.substring(i, i+j), 16);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
die("invalid hex value for \\U escape");
}
newstr.append(Character.toChars(value));
i += j-1;
break; /* switch */
}
default: newstr.append('\\');
newstr.append(Character.toChars(cp));
/*
* say(String.format(
* "DEFAULT unrecognized escape %c passed through",
* cp));
*/
break; /* switch */
}
saw_backslash = false;
}
/* weird to leave one at the end */
if (saw_backslash) {
newstr.append('\\');
}
return newstr.toString();
}
/*
* Return a string "U+XX.XXX.XXXX" etc, where each XX set is the
* xdigits of the logical Unicode code point. No bloody brain-damaged
* UTF-16 surrogate crap, just true logical characters.
*/
public final static
String uniplus(String s) {
if (s.length() == 0) {
return "";
}
/* This is just the minimum; sb will grow as needed. */
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(2 + 3 * s.length());
sb.append("U+");
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
sb.append(String.format("%X", s.codePointAt(i)));
if (s.codePointAt(i) > Character.MAX_VALUE) {
i++; /****WE HATES UTF-16! WE HATES IT FOREVERSES!!!****/
}
if (i+1 < s.length()) {
sb.append(".");
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
private static final
void die(String foa) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(foa);
}
private static final
void say(String what) {
System.out.println(what);
}
If it helps others, you’re welcome to it — no strings attached. If you improve it, I’d love for you to mail me your enhancements, but you certainly don’t have to.
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