Example of delayed expansion in batch file

Question

Can someone give me an example of where a batch script would act differently with or without delayed expansion? Are there any situations where you would NOT want to use del

Answer 1

Max's answer gives an example of where a batch script would act differently with or without delayed expansion.

For the sake of completeness, let's answer another part of the question and show a situation where you would NOT want to use delayed expansion when your data contain an exclamation mark ! (and show two ways of processing such data):

@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL EnableExtensions DisableDelayedExpansion

  set "_auxFile=%temp%\%~n0.txt"
  rem create multiline sample file
  >"%_auxFile%" ( for /L %%G in (1,1,3) do echo line %%G is 100%% valid! Sure! Hurrah!)
  rem create one-line sample file
  >"%_auxFile%" echo this line is 100%% valid! Sure! Hurrah!

  echo(
  echo --- file content 
  type "%_auxFile%"

  echo(
  SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
    echo --- enabled delayed expansion chokes down unescaped exclamation marks^^^! "^!"
    for /F "usebackq delims=" %%G in ("%_auxFile%") do (
      set "_auxLine=%%~G"
      echo loop var=%%~G
      echo _auxLine=!_auxLine!
    )
  ENDLOCAL
  echo(
  SETLOCAL DisableDelayedExpansion
    echo --- toggled delayed expansion works although might be laborious!
    for /F "usebackq delims=" %%G in ("%_auxFile%") do (
      set "_auxLine=%%G"
      echo loop var=%%G
      SETLOCAL EnableDelayedExpansion
        echo _auxLine=!_auxLine!
      ENDLOCAL
    )
  ENDLOCAL
  echo(
  SETLOCAL DisableDelayedExpansion
    echo --- keep delayed expansion DISABLED: use CALL command!
    for /F "usebackq delims=" %%G in ("%_auxFile%") do (
      set "_auxLine=%%G"
      echo loop var=%%G
      call :ProcessVar
    )
  ENDLOCAL

  rem delete the sample file
  del "%_auxFile%"
ENDLOCAL
goto :eof

:ProcessVar
  echo _auxLine=%_auxLine%
  echo WARNING: neither !_auxLine! nor %%G loop variable is available here!  
goto :eof

Note that above script shows proper ways of escaping

• % percent sign by %% doubling it (delayed expansion does not matter), and
• ! exclamation mark if delayed expansion is enabled:
  • "^!" if enclosed in a pair of double quotes, then use the cmd and batch-script general escape character ^ caret;
  • ^^^! otherwise, use three ^ carets.

Output:

==> D:\bat\SO\10558316.bat

--- file content
this line is 100% valid! Sure! Hurrah!

--- enabled delayed expansion chokes down unescaped exclamation marks! "!"
loop var=this line is 100% valid Hurrah
_auxLine=this line is 100% valid Hurrah

--- toggled delayed expansion works although might be laborious!
loop var=this line is 100% valid! Sure! Hurrah!
_auxLine=this line is 100% valid! Sure! Hurrah!

--- keep delayed expansion DISABLED: use CALL command!
loop var=this line is 100% valid! Sure! Hurrah!
_auxLine=this line is 100% valid! Sure! Hurrah!
WARNING: !_auxLine! as well as %G loop variables are not available here!

==>