I have created a self-signed SSL certificate for the localhost CN. Firefox accepts this certificate after initially complaining about it, as expected. Chrome and IE, however
Are you sure the address the site is being served up as is the same as the certificate? I had the same problems with Chrome and a self-signed cert, but in the end I found it was just incredibly picky about the validation of the domain name on the cert (as it should be).
Chrome doesn't have it's own cert store and uses Window's own. However Chrome provides no way to import certs into the store so you should add them via IE instead.
Installing Certificates in Google Chrome
Installing Certificates in Internet Explorer
Also take a look at this for a couple of different approaches to creating self-signed certs (I'm assuming you're using IIS as you haven't mentioned).
How to Create a Self Signed Certificate in IIS 7