How to start new activity on button click

Question

In an Android application, how do you start a new activity (GUI) when a button in another activity is clicked, and how do you pass data between these two activities?

Answer 1

Although proper answers have been already provided but I am here for searching the answer in language Kotlin. This Question is not about language specific so I am adding the code to accomplish this task in Kotlin language.

Here is how you do this in Kotlin for andorid

testActivityBtn1.setOnClickListener{
      val intent = Intent(applicationContext,MainActivity::class.java)
      startActivity(intent)

 }