I want to create an upward and downward facing arrow with css like the following: http://apps.eky.hk/css-triangle-generator/
However, instead of a solid color, I want to
I think you could get a good idea of what to do by checking out this tutorial on pure css thought bubbles. It's doing what you're looking for.
http://www.sitepoint.com/pure-css3-speech-bubbles/