To get rid of the underscores you need to define the functions as values.
val / = (a:Int, b: Int) => a / b
val % = (a:Int, b: Int) => a % b
def by3(a: Int, b: Int, fn: (Int, Int) => Int): Int = fn(a - b, 3).abs
(0 to 8).foreach(i => by3(numbers(i), i, /) + by3(numbers(i), i, %))