How is block scope managed in the lexical environment?

Question

If I declare a variable in a function using var then a slot for that variable is added to the LexicalEnvironment defined by that function.

Answer 1

function() {
  var foo; 
}

As you mentioned, foo is available in the LexicalEnvironment is global to all inner functions within that function.

But

function() {
  {
    let foo; // How does this affect the LexicalEnviroinment?
  }
}

Here foo is local to that block alone. It won't be visible outside that block.

How does it affect the LexicalEnvironment ?

If you are referencing, foo anywhere inside that block, the local let foo will override the global var foo which you've defined in that function.

With respect to ES6,

function example(x) {
    console.log(y); // ReferenceError: y is not defined
    if (x) {
        let y = 5;
    }
}

Variables declared with a let statement are created as bindings on the lexical environment, rather than the variable environment, of the current execution context. A change to the specification of block statements in ES6 means that each block has its own lexical environment. In the above example, a new lexical environment is created when the block (the body of the if statement) is evaluated. When the let statement is evaluated a binding is added to this lexical environment and is innaccessible from the outer lexical environment (that of the function declaration itself).

Refer