In the Python world there are multiple static code analysis tools that can be easily extended with custom checks via writing plugins or extensions, for example:
The ability to create custom JSHint rules has been discussed on the JSHint Google group, but that thread has had no activity in 17 months. Your only at this time is to use ESLint. ESLint was created with the explicit purpose of making each of the JSHint rules pluggable, and I think at this time, every JSHint rules is available in ESLint.