MySQL/MSSQL has a neat little inline if function you can use within queries to detect null values, as shown below.
SELECT
...
foo.a_field AS \"a_field\",
SELEC
To supplement the rest of the answers here, which deal primarily with NULL values and COALESCE/NVL/NVL2:
SELECT *
FROM TheTable
WHERE field1 = CASE field2 WHEN 0 THEN 'abc' WHEN 1 THEN 'def' ELSE '' END
CASE statements are not as succinct, obviously, but they are geared towards flexibility. This is particularly useful when your conditions are not based on NULL-ness.