I have configured a Jenkins job to release my maven project automatically. This is done by using the following: mvn --batch-mode clean release:prepare release:perform
You could use a commandline parameter without editing the job if you use a parameterized build in Jenkins. Check the "this build is parameterized" option in the job configuration page.
This won't let Jenkins perform releases entirely on its own (which is good; we don't want the robots to take our jobs!) -- when you manually kick off a build from within Jenkins, you'll be able to set any parameters you've configured.