What are the alternatives to public fields?

Question

I am programming a game in java, and as the question title suggestions i am using public fields in my classes. (for the time being)

From what i have seen public fields a

Answer 1

A shorter version of your methods...

public void beDamaged(double damage) {
    health = Math.max(0, health-damage);
}

public void gainHealth(double gainedHp) {
    health = Math.min(maxHealth, health + gainedHp);
}

or even the following which can be called with +1 to gain, -1 to lose 1 hp.

public void adjustHealth(double adjustHp) {
    health = Math.max(0, Math.min(maxHealth, health + adjustHp));
}