Of course source control tools like Git, (Mercurial, SVN, etc...) can do a great job at managing source code. But I wonder, do these tools provide the developer with any advanta
No, I would not recommend using git, svn, etc. for version tracking. A surprising amount of lines will change between barely altered versions of Adobe files - see for yourself by doing a diff comparison. This is especially true when options like native file compression are turned on in Illustrator.
By judiciously using layers, links, and saving milestone versions of files, you'll have a much more efficient use of storage than SVN's could ever give you for native Adobe files.
The one exception I can think of is for XML based files, like pure-vector SVGs.