Large file not flushed to disk immediately after calling close()?

Question

I\'m creating large file with my python script (more than 1GB, actually there\'s 8 of them). Right after I create them I have to create process that will use those

Answer 1

Edit: updated with information specific to Python 3.x

There is a super old bug report discussing a suspiciosly similar problem at https://bugs.python.org/issue4944. I made a small test that shows the bug: https://gist.github.com/estyrke/c2f5d88156dcffadbf38

After getting a wonderful explanation from user eryksun at the bug link above, I now understand why this happens, and it is not a bug per se. When a child process is created on Windows, by default it inherits all open file handles from the parent process. So what you're seeing is probably actually a sharing violation because the file you're trying to read in the child process is open for writing through an inherited handle in another child process. A possible sequence of events that causes this (using the reproduction example at the Gist above):

Thread 1 opens file 1 for writing
  Thread 2 opens file 2 for writing
  Thread 2 closes file 2
  Thread 2 launches child 2
  -> Inherits the file handle from file 1, still open with write access
Thread 1 closes file 1
Thread 1 launches child 1
-> Now it can't open file 1, because the handle is still open in child 2
Child 2 exits
-> Last handle to file 1 closed
Child 1 exits

When I compile the simple C child program and run the script on my machine, it fails in at least one of the threads most of the time with Python 2.7.8. With Python 3.2 and 3.3 the test script without redirection does not fail, because the default value of the close_fds argument to subprocess.call is now True when redirection is not used. The other test script using redirection still fails in those versions. In Python 3.4 both tests succeed, because of PEP 446 which makes all file handles non-inheritable by default.

Conclusion

Spawning a child process from a thread in Python means the child inherits all open file handles, even from other threads than the one where the child is spawned. This is, at least for me, not particularly intuitive.

Possible solutions:

• Upgrade to Python 3.4, where file handles are non-inheritable by default.
• Pass close_fds=True to subprocess.call to disable inheriting altogether (this is the default in Python 3.x). Note though that this prevents redirection of the child process' standard input/output/error.
• Make sure all files are closed before spawning new processes.
• Use os.open to open files with the os.O_NOINHERIT flag on Windows.
  • tempfile.mkstemp also uses this flag.

• Use the win32api instead. Passing a NULL pointer for the lpSecurityAttributes parameter also prevents inheriting the descriptor:

  from contextlib import contextmanager
  import win32file
  
  @contextmanager
  def winfile(filename):
      try:
          h = win32file.CreateFile(filename, win32file.GENERIC_WRITE, 0, None, win32file.CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0)
          yield h
      finally:
          win32file.CloseHandle(h)
  
  with winfile(tempfilename) as infile:
      win32file.WriteFile(infile, data)