So this works:
SELECT c.name AS country_name, c.population AS country_population, SUM(ci.population) AS city_population, ROUND(100*(SUM(ci.population)/c.populati
You're using aggregate functions in a where clause, something you cannot do in SQL.
Use the HAVING clause instead:
WHERE c.continent = 'Europe' GROUP BY c.name HAVING ROUND(100*(SUM(ci.population)/c.population)) > 30