I am reading the book Programming Ruby and am looking to upgrade the version of Ruby on my computer. I run Mac OS X Snow Leopard and doing ruby -v in the command line shows I am
As mentioned in hvgotcodes answer, RVM seems to be a great way of handling this.
I recently started learning Ruby (and Rails) myself, and this[1] tutorial has a great section on using RVM. I'd highly recommend you give it a go, it's especially handy so that you can follow different tutorials on different versions of Ruby if you wish.
[1] http://railstutorial.org/book#sec:rubygems