Is there a function in JavaScript that returns the default value for a type name that is passed to it? For example:
var defaultValue = built_in_getDefaultValue(\
Both previous answers correctly note that the default (unassigned) value of a variable in JavaScript is undefined
, but neither addresses what you seem to be looking for—an equivalent of e.g. the default
operator in C#.
Fortunately, JavaScript has a very simple type system: everything that isn't one of the seven primitive types is an object and can be called via its constructor.¹ The following function, given a string representing
'string'
or 'null'
;typeof
operator, e.g. 'function'
;this
value it is called with or its local scope²will produce a reasonable interpretation of a "default" value:
function defaultVal(type) {
if (typeof type !== 'string') throw new TypeError('Type must be a string.');
// Handle simple types (primitives and plain function/object)
switch (type) {
case 'bigint' : return BigInt(0);
case 'boolean' : return false;
case 'function' : return function () {};
case 'null' : return null;
case 'number' : return 0;
case 'object' : return {};
case 'string' : return "";
case 'symbol' : return Symbol();
case 'undefined' : return void 0;
}
try {
// Look for constructor in this or current scope
var ctor = typeof this[type] === 'function'
? this[type]
: eval(type);
return new ctor;
// Constructor not found, return new object
} catch (e) { return {}; }
}
You can call it like this:
defaultVal( typeof 1 ); // -> 0
defaultVal( 'bigint' ); // -> 0n
defaultVal( 'object' ); // -> {}
defaultVal( 'RegExp' ); // -> /(?:)/
Unfortunately, the JS typeof
operator may be a bit… anameic for our purposes. For example, typeof null === 'object'
¹, and typeof [] === 'object'
, which probably isn't what you want.
To work around this, here's a function that returns the result of calling typeof
on a value unless the result is 'object', in which case it will return 'null'
if the value is null
and obj.constructor.name
otherwise (with 'object'
as the fallback value if all else fails):
function getType(obj) {
var type = typeof obj;
if (type !== 'object') return type; // primitive or function
if (obj === null) return 'null'; // null
// Everything else, check for a constructor
var ctor = obj.constructor;
var name = typeof ctor === 'function' && ctor.name;
return typeof name === 'string' && name.length > 0 ? name : 'object';
}
And now we can have:
defaultVal( getType( 1234 ) ); // -> 0
defaultVal( getType( [99] ) ); // -> []
defaultVal( getType( 'ab' ) ); // -> ""
defaultVal( getType( null ) ); // -> null (Not possible with typeof!)
defaultVal( getType( /.*/ ) ); // -> /(?:)/ (Not possible with typeof!)
function T () {}
defaultVal( getType( new T ) ); // -> T {} (Not possible with typeof!)
I suspect this is as close to what you're looking for as you're going to get. Also, to head off any criticism: the use of eval above might seem a bit dirty, but it's the only way to get a named value from the current scope.
¹ null
is a bit of an oddity. The ECMAScript 2020 specification clearly refers to it as a primitive; however, typeof null
is 'object'
due to a bug in the original JavaScript implementation. At one point MDN excluded null from its list of primitives, counting only six primitives and stating that null
should be considered a "special case for every Object
".
Based on the spec, I refer to null
as a primitive in this answer, and MDN has since been updated to agree with this stance.
² This function can't call a constructor instantiated in another scope; instead, I've made it possible to call it with this
bound to an object containing any such constructors it may reference:
function innerScopeCtor() {
function T () {}
return defaultVal.call( { T : T }, 'T' );
}
innerScopeCtor(); // T {}
If you don't do this, it will just fall back to returning a new object.