I have an object, that is facing a particular direction with (for instance) a 45 degree field of view, and a limit view range. I have done all the initial checks (Quadtree node,
Get the angle between the viewer's heading vector and the vector from viewer to target. If that angle is less than (FieldOfView/2), then the target is in the viewer's field of view.
If your vectors are 2d or 3d this will work the same way. (In 3D, if you have a view frustum instead of cone, then you'll need to separate the angles into two components.) You just need to find the angle between the two vectors.
If you want to test targets which are larger than a single point, you'll need multiple points for each target, such as the corners of a bounding box. If the vector from viewer to any of these points gives an angle inside the field of view, then that corner of the box is visible.