It's possible via using the JSON1 extension to query JSON data stored in a column, yes:
sqlite> CREATE TABLE test(data TEXT);
sqlite> INSERT INTO test VALUES ('{"name":"john doe","balance":1000,"data":[1,73.23,18]}');
sqlite> INSERT INTO test VALUES ('{"name":"alice","balance":2000,"email":"a@b.com"}');
sqlite> SELECT * FROM test WHERE json_extract(data, '$.balance') > 1500;
data
--------------------------------------------------
{"name":"alice","balance":2000,"email":"a@b.com"}
If you're going to be querying the same field a lot, you can make it more efficient by adding an index on the expression:
CREATE INDEX test_idx_balance ON test(json_extract(data, '$.balance'));
will use that index on the above query instead of scanning every single row.
