Researching specificity I stumbled upon this blog - http://www.htmldog.com/guides/cssadvanced/specificity/
It states that specificity is a point-scoring system for
I am fond of comparison of Specificity ranking to Olympic Games medal table (gold first method — based first on the number of gold medals, then silver and then bronze).
It works also with your question (huge number of selectors in one specificity group). Specificity considered each group separately. In real world I've very rarely seen case with more than a dozen selectors).
There is also quite good specificity calculator available here. You can put your example (#a and .a .b .c .d .e .f .g .h .i .j .k .l .m .n .o) there and see the results.
Example of Rio 2016 Olympic Games medal table looks like