I have seen an approach where frameLayout is used in case of fragments. The ultimate goal was to have multiple fragments.
A framelayout, Relative View and a few others represents a view in android and is extended from viewgroup.
A Fragment is a an an Object that is used to represent a portion of a user interface and is usually hosted in an activity.
A fragment has a viewgroup which you can assign an XML layout. In the XML you can specify a viewgroup which can be a framelayout if you wish to represent the layout of the viewgroup within the fragment.
Fragments and framelayouts cannot be used interchangeably.
Having said that, you can create a Android application without the use of fragments, and just use viewgroups.