I was able to fix the problem by setting my minimum sdk version in the android manifest file to 14:
At version 14, the messages still appear in the log, but the touch events are processed. When I set the minSdkVersion back, the touch events are not processed. Turning off hardware acceleration in the manifest, as well as by various CSS webkit styles, did not help. Only the minSdkVersion setting fixed it for me.
Somehow, on the Galaxy Tab, the SDK support for older versions causes problems with the javascript touch event processing, and blockWebkitDraw stays true while a touch move is happening. This prevents my canvas code from receiving the touchmove events and executing the draw. When I set the SDK version to 14, blockWebkitDraw gets set to true when a touch event fires, but it is unset after the touch is processed, and the canvas code to draw gets called.