Why ngModel's $render is not called when the model changes in AngularJS?

Question

DEMO

Why in the following example $render is not called when the button is clicked?

Answer 1

ngModel.$render is working, when calling $render in the $apply.

app.directive('changecase', function ($timeout) {
    return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: 'ngModel',
    priority: 1,
    link: function (scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
      
        //format text going to user (model to view)
        ngModel.$formatters.push(function(value) {
            return value.toUpperCase();
        });

        //format text from the user (view to model)
        ngModel.$parsers.push(function(value) {
            return value.toUpperCase();
        });

        element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
            scope.$apply(function(){
              ngModel.$setViewValue(ngModel.$modelValue);
              ngModel.$render();
            });
            });
        }
    }
});