Sum of diagonal elements in a matrix

Question

I am trying to find out the sum of the diagonal elements in a matrix. Here, n is the size of the square matrix and a is the matrix. Can someone explain this to me what is happen

Answer 1

'''

a = [[],[],[]] #your matrix
s = 0
for i in range(len(a)):
    for j in range(len(a[0])):
           if i == j:
               s += a[i][j]
print('sum ='s)

''' here is a simple approach. Thanks