calculating the Gradient and the Hessian in R

Question

As you know, the Gradient of a function is the following vector:

and the Hessian is the fo

Answer 1

You can use the pracma library, such as:

library(pracma)

dummy <- function(x) {
  z <- x[1]; y <- x[2]
  rez <- (z^2)*(y^3)
  rez
}

grad(dummy, c(1,2))
[1] 16 12

hessian(dummy, c(1,2))
     [,1] [,2]
[1,]   16   24
[2,]   24   12