Akin to what can be done with emacs with slime: the core services can run on a performace grade remote computer while I can edit and run code from emacs gui on an netbook.
SSH with X-window forwarding will do the trick. It will get you the MATLAB screen you know and love but will be running everything on the remote computer. To do this, in a terminal with SSH (I like MobaXterm, though you can use Putty) you ssh via
ssh server.location.here -X
This will get you the terminal on the computer (after typing in a password), and in the terminal just type
matlab
and a MATLAB screen will show up. Note that opengl will be disabled, so your plots might not plot as fast, though you can still use gpu algorithms (i.e. cuda. Note you may need to run the command "COMPUTE=:0" before opening matlab if gpuDevice turns up empty for MATLAB's cuda).