I would say that modulo is expensive while comparisons are cheap so only perform the modulo once. That would yield something like this.
int i;
for( i = 0; i!=100; ++i ) {
bool bModThree = !(i % 3);
bool bModFive = !(i % 5);
if( bModThree || bModFive ) {
if( bModThree ) {
printf( "Fizz" );
}
if( bModFive ) {
printf( "Buzz" );
}
} else {
printf( "%d", i );
}
printf( "\n" );
}