I have an iPhone app with a Core Data database containing a list of locations, each with lat/long coordinates. How can I search for say the nearest 10 to my current location?
You need the Haversine formula for distance between lat / long pairs. You can have a calculated field for each object which returns it's distance from a set point, then order by this distance to get the nearest -> farthest.
See this article on Haversine
And here is an Objective-c version...
Objective-c Haversine