Reading specific rows of large matrix data file

Question

Suppose I have a gigantic m*n matrix X (that is too big to read into memory) and binary numeric vector V with length m. My objective is to

Answer 1

How about you use the command line tool sed, constructing a command that passes along the lines you want to read in the command. I am not sure if there would be some command length limit on this...

#  Check the data
head( X )
#           [,1]        [,2]       [,3]       [,4]        [,5]
#[1,]  0.2588798  0.42229528  0.4469073  1.0684309  1.35519389
#[2,]  1.0267562  0.80299223 -0.2768111 -0.7017247 -0.06575137
#[3,]  1.0110365 -0.36998260 -0.8543176  1.6237827 -1.33320291
#[4,]  1.5968757  2.13831188  0.6978655 -0.5697239 -1.53799156
#[5,]  0.1284392  0.55596342  0.6919573  0.6558735 -1.69494827
#[6,] -0.2406540 -0.04807381 -1.1265165 -0.9917737  0.31186670

#  Check V, note row 6 above should be skipped according to this....
head(V)
# [1] 1 1 1 1 1 0

#  Get line numbers we want to read
head( which( V == 1 ) )
# [1] 1 2 3 4 5 7

#  Read the first 5 lines where V == '1' in your example (remembering to include an extra line for the header row, hence the +1 in 'which()')
read.csv( pipe( paste0("sed -n '" , paste0( c( 1 , which( V == 1 )[1:6] + 1 ) , collapse = "p; " ) , "p' C:/Data/target.csv" , collapse = "" ) ) , head=TRUE)

#  X        V1         V2         V3         V4          V5
#1 1 0.2588798  0.4222953  0.4469073  1.0684309  1.35519389
#2 2 1.0267562  0.8029922 -0.2768111 -0.7017247 -0.06575137
#3 3 1.0110365 -0.3699826 -0.8543176  1.6237827 -1.33320291
#4 4 1.5968757  2.1383119  0.6978655 -0.5697239 -1.53799156
#5 5 0.1284392  0.5559634  0.6919573  0.6558735 -1.69494827
#6 7 0.6856038  0.1082029  0.1523561 -1.4147429 -0.64041290

The command we are actually passing to sed is...

 "sed -n '1p; 2p; 3p; 4p; 5p; 6p; 8p' C:/Data/target.csv"

We use -n to turn off printing of any lines, and then we use a semi-colon separated vector of lines numbers that we do want to read, given to us by which( V == 1 ), and finally the target filename. Remember these line numbers have been offset by +1 to account for the line that makes up the header row.