I am currently reading Martin Fowler\'s UML Distilled. I have just covered the section on class diagrams, where he places strong emphasis on the need to sort out ones perspectiv
Exactly, UML class diagrams are just a notation that you could (and should) differently depending on the sofware development phase you are in. You can start with only classes, attributes and associations, then refine the diagram to add types information for the attributes, then navigation, class methods, qualifiers for associations ... until you get a complete class diagram ready for the implementation phase
Note that you could even iterate to the point in which you remove associations and replace them by attributes of complex types to have a class diagram even more similar to the final implementation. It's up to you how to use class diagrams in each phase.