I wrap all my code at 80 columns, and there are times where the Emacs window is wider than 80 columns and there is a lot of unused whitespace on the right side.
I would
Here is a function which should do what you want, using margins instead of fringes (since I tend to display buffer boundaries in the fringe and I find it becomes ugly if the fringe is too large).
(defun my/center (width)
(interactive "nBuffer width: ")
(let* ((adj (- (window-text-width)
width))
(total-margin (+ adj
left-margin-width
right-margin-width)))
(setq left-margin-width (/ total-margin 2))
(setq right-margin-width (- total-margin left-margin-width)))
(set-window-buffer (selected-window) (current-buffer)))