Have any of you tried Hadoop? Can it be used without the distributed filesystem that goes with it, in a Share-nothing architecture? Would that make sense?
yes, hadoop can be very well used without HDFS. HDFS is just a default storage for Hadoop. You can replace HDFS with any other storage like databases. HadoopDB is an augmentation over hadoop that uses Databases instead of HDFS as a data source. Google it, you will get it easily.