We are using Apache 2.2.25 with mod_ssl in the reverse proxy mode using mod_proxy. It has a server certificate we use for testing purposes, issued by GoDaddy.
You are on the right track.
SSLCertificateFile server.crt >> Your public certificate
SSLCertificateKeyFile server.key >> Your private key
SSLCertificateChainFile chain.crt >> List of intermediate certificates;
in your case, only one - GoDaddy intermediate CA
Check your server configuration with a tool like SSL Labs to determine if you are sending the correct intermediate certificate.