starting from the current directory, you could try
find . -type d | cut -d/ -f 2 | uniq -c
This will list all directories starting from the current one, split each line by the character "/", select field number "2" (each line starts with "./", so your first field would be ".") and then only outputs unique lines, and a count how often this unique line appears (-c parameter).
You could also add an "sort -g" at the end.
