UPDATE (18-Dec-2015) The currest best apporach for this problem is here: Get Selected Row From DataTable in Shiny App
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Not an answer but a longish comment: I think you could do this but it would get a bit messy. Once some selects a radio button and a subset of the data is shown how do you go back to showing all the data? Would this only apply to the first column? Are you going to recreate all the radio buttons when the data has fewer rows? renderDataTable will (at some point) have the option to include something like '> 20' in the boxes below each column. In the meantime you might be better off trying to subset the data with a textInput. As an example, see Data > View in this app. If that is not what you are looking for let me (us) know what you are trying to achieve.